The root is the second degree, II (Piston 1987, p. 426, Goldman 1965, [page needed], Schoenberg 1954, [page needed], Schoenberg 1969, p. 77).These theorists interpret the chord as a French sixth chord (F–A–B–D ♯), based on the transcendent principle of closeness on the circle of fifths with IV being farther than II, with G ♯ seen as an accented passing tone.

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